I Have Always Had A Passion For Serving The Public And

I have always had a passion for serving the public and working with young people. Early on, I set my heart on being a juvenile attorney. Pursing this, I earned a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice but, it wasn’t until I interned with Safe Landing Youth Shelter where I realized my true calling. The satisfaction and fulfillment I felt working with the youth shelter pivoted my focus towards my new passion. My desire to help people is a simplified answer to why I want to pursue a career as a social worker, however, there is so much more to that question. I want to be a child advocate because I want to be that person speaking up for the child. I want to be able to say what a child is afraid of or does not know how to say. Being an†¦show more content†¦I am always willing to put in the effort and using my vigorous work ethic, I am prepared to succeed. To become a better student and to successfully complete the MSW program I will need to further improve on my stre ngths. I am determined to work harder and push my limits to complete this Masters of Social Work program. I am actively improving my time management skills each day along with devising strategies to keep myself focused and on track. Scheduling my time and setting goals for myself helps cut out distractions. Developing these skills and recognizing, evaluating and resolving ways to overcome my weaknesses will ensure that I am successful in this program. In my time spent volunteering at Safe Landing, I worked with and grew to know some of the children in social services. Seeing their struggles and hearing their stories grew my compassion to help others in their same circumstances. Through those experiences, there was always a line where I stopped and the social worker in me picked up. Most of my volunteer experiences I’ve had were aimed at helping youths learn life skills such as cooking, cleaning, and helping with their studies. The goal of this was to help the kids learn new skills and to present a positive alternative to mischief. I found immense joy from this but grew weary of not being able to do more. I lacked the power and resources to be able to make an evenShow MoreRelatedLetter Of Public Administration Online Learning Program1118 Words   |  5 Pagesmy hope to enroll in and complete your Master’s of Public Administration-online learning program. I write what follows below in support of my application. My intent on writing this statement is to do so with pure genuine, honesty, and to express myself as openly as possibly so my heart can be understood. There were no extenuating circumstances in my background that would give a reason as to why I desire to work in the public sector. I believe I was born with the will to serve others, a strong attributeRead MoreMy Interest On Public Health916 Words   |  4 Pages My interest in public health stems from a lifelong connection to and fascination with our healthcare system, even from the time b efore I could comprehend it. From as far back as I can remember, I have been surrounded by individuals with a passion for the maintenance, education, and defense of health and wellness. My mother was a registered nurse, and elements of her profession, such as a commitment to compassion and unyielding ethical values, became salient characteristics of my upbringing. In additionRead MoreAn Active Member Of My School s Theatre Department Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesmember of my school s theatre department, I am a frequent visitor during my acting director’s office hours. While he seems to only spew cheesy platitudes, one has really stuck with me. Perception is reality.† Growing up with a flair for the dramatic, I have a slight tendency to end up in the center of a crowd. I m loud, I m bold and most of all, I m confident. These traits are undoubtedly the things people notice about me right off the bat. I’ve always taken pride in my ability to be heard, whetherR ead MoreWhy Do You Want For Attending John Wesley Honors College?990 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelop into a well informed, deep-thinking, and resourceful servant leader. I have always had a passion for learning. As some kids dread school and learning, I have always been excited and intrigued by it. Learning answers and reasons why to questions has always interested me into discovering truth and ultimately lead to my successful academic career in high school. God has gifted me with this passion for learning and I wish to glorify God in my studies and onto my career later in life. This honorsRead MoreA Child I Loved Riding Roller Coasters1211 Words   |  5 PagesAs a child I loved riding roller coasters. The fast speeds, the moment before the big drop, and that sinking feeling in your stomach as you go up and down the track. In an odd twist of fate, a serious injury from a roller coaster as a 17 year old helped redevelop a motivation to succeed that I would not otherwise have known e xisted in me. The summer after I graduated high school I hit my head on the shoulder harness of a ride. Staggering off the ride I felt strangely fatigued and nauseous, walkingRead MorePersonal Statement On Child And Family Studies1244 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the greatest pieces of advice that I have received is that if you do something that you love, you will never work a day in your life. It took me changing my major three times to find what I am truly passionate about. After I changed my major to child and family studies I enjoyed learning everyday and applying what I learned from class into the real world. The knowledge that I obtained through my classes assisted me through my experiences as a nanny, a student worker for the department of childRead MoreThe Qualities Of A Leader979 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness, and life if not for the leaders we have followed to get here? Leaders are everywhere; they are running our country, leading our work department, and leading our class lines. The b eauty of leadership is that everyone’s definition and preferred style is and can be different. When choosing a leader to write this paper on I knew exactly who to choose for two reasons. First, the leadership style is attractive to me and I know it most resembles the style I use when exercising my leadership roles.Read MoreRhetorical Strategies Analysis of Bill Clintons First Inaugural Address1007 Words   |  5 Pagesdesired to have a new powerful authority to rebuild peoples confidence. Clinton won the 1992 presidential election with 42% of the vote against his predecessor, George H. W. Bush who had 37.4% of the vote. Clintons wining ended the Republican rule of the White House of previous years. With 43% of the vote, he outpolled the winning House candidate in five districts. Clinton has been described as a New Democrat. In January 1993, he had campaigned on the theme of change and the public expected himRead MoreInspiring Women Of Our Time : Hillary Clinton And Marilyn M onroe858 Words   |  4 Pagesis a Methodist. She was born with luminous blue eyes and blonde hair, which is now up to her shoulders. Additionally, Clinton once said, â€Å"People can judge me for what I ve done. And I think when somebody s out in the public eye, that s what they do. So I m fully comfortable with who I am, what I stand for, and what I ve always stood for† (Clinton). This statement portrays that she is a confident, self-assured and an inspiring woman of our time. Clinton has greatly encouraged and strived forRead MorePresentation Of A Banquet Server1264 Words   |  6 Pagesyear since I started to be a banquet server. The experience of working as a banquet server has helped me to appreciate people hard work around the tables serving their clients without complaining their exhaustion. According to Christa Titus, the author of â€Å"The Definition of a Banquet Server,† â€Å"A banquet server is a person who serves food and beverages to guests at an event.† The servers work at many special events such as graduation ceremony or wedding feast. Some of their duties are serving the ordered

Archibald Motley’s Art Free Essays

Archibald Motley Jr. is one of the African America painters who is renowned all over the world because of his work. One of his popular works is entitled ‘Blues’. We will write a custom essay sample on Archibald Motley’s Art or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ‘Blues’ work of Archibald Motleys is my favorite because of two things: one, because of the socio-political message the painting evokes, and two, because of the artistic style that Motley features in this particular work. The socio political meaning of the painting refers to the feeling of fusion that the painting evokes. If the audience of the painting will know of the background of the painting, then the audience will understand how the painting symbolizes the ability of music to bring together people from different parts of the world with different origins and inclination. The title is pertaining to the type of music that originated from African Americans, and during the time Motley composed it, it was a tribute to a part of the global music scene that is growing in public acceptance and enjoyment. Like what Shuman pointed out in explaining the relevance of the painting, ‘in the hands of artists like Hughes and Motley, the blues were a potent force in both popular and high culture’ (Shuman, 2002, p. 739) The aesthetic appreciation for this particular work is focused on Motley’s ability to pay tribute to the creators of such music by designing in the composition in a way that the black acts as a dominant feature of the painting, broken by the colored images of the dancers and the musicians and their clothing and the instruments. There is a sensual and fluid feeling that goes along with the painting, prompting the audience to get a glimpse of the high that comes along with the dancing of the blues because of what the curve lines evoke. The prevailing black patterns seem like references to the Black ancestry, origin and lineage, since the painting is a tribute to the success of one of the types of music that they introduced to the world. This is as much a reflection of his pride for his skin color. Being an African American himself, the painting speaks of how Black people are fusing with the rest of the world in great fluidity. How to cite Archibald Motley’s Art, Papers

Human Rights free essay sample

On June 11, 1776 Thomas Jefferson was in charge of a committee of five brilliant men who introduced the Declaration of Independence to the world. This was a very important message to all people because it was document trying to abolish slavery and the wrong doings of society. Also the Declaration of Independence was given to the Second Continental Congress to approve the work that had been done to support changes that occurred mostly in the Southern States. But Jefferson was highly upset because they made changes to the document without consulting him. No matter if a person is a different race, religion, or have a different political view they still should be treated equal as anyone else. Living in today’s society there is a variety of discrimination that goes on with people or things that we feel are different. We are so judgmental on things or situations that we are not use to, or more like the variety of changes within other cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I think that every citizen in the world should be able to vote, have an education, also should be able to choose their own occupation, and also should have the rights to freedom of speech, and religion. Being able to vote changes the choices of many people opportunities in life. It also allows people to express their feelings about the way things are being done in the world. It is very important for everyone to have a basic education. Having a good education takes you a long ways in life; it also opens doors for people to have successful lives. Also having a good occupation determines how you function or maintain in life. But most importantly it helps prepare you for growth in the future. I personally feel that freedom of speech, religion is the two most important human rights that we have because it defines a variety of options in life. Having the right to freedom of speech gives many people confidence with themselves to say what they feel is true. Also having the freedom of religion gives many people the opportunity to value and practice their beliefs and customs. I t also gives them much hope and joy to practice their traditions of religion. The reasons why I have chosen these topics to be the most human rights are because they are issues that concern many people. I truly think that everyone should be able to participate in anything that makes them proud. Being human comes with many instructions but it is up to us to set standards for ourselves, also to believe in what we think is right. Also having rights to live by gives us discipline and guidance towards what we want to approve or accomplish. In conclusion, to everything that I mentioned in the passage having rights is a very serious and important privilege to have. Being able to have rights is a challenge for some people because they use there power in ways that they should not. But I think that everyone should try to come with a solution to enforce the rights and guidelines so that we can have a dedicated and leading world to live in just by the changes that they make themselves. In order to make these rights impact on other people lives we the people have to come together to make a difference within the world. Human Rights free essay sample This paper is an analysis of human rights violations. This paper is an analysis of human rights violations. The author gives some examples of how and why human rights violations tend to occur and examines how it effects society. To understand the conditions in which a human rights violation would not occur we must first address what a human rights violation is and its function in societies. In class we discussed the idea of first, second, and third generation rights. The first generation rights encompass political and civil rights. Economic and social rights are explained in the second-generation rights. Development and self-determination are covered in the third generation of rights. All three generations outline a humans inherently given rights according to where they are born and the culture that they stem. These rights are supposed to be guaranteed by the governments in which they live under. However, there are times in history when those rights have been purposefully violated in order to benefit another group of the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When this happens it is said that a human rights violation has occurred. In short, one groups rights being sacrificed for another groups rights.

The Depiction of Women in Three Escapist Fictions free essay sample

A comparison of the depiction of women in Geoffrey Chaucers The Tale of the Wife of Bath, Ian Flemings From Russia with Love and Sheri Teppers Beauty. This essay explores how three influential writers, Geoffrey Chaucer, Ian Flemming and Sheri Tepper, from three different eras have depicted women in their writing. The portrayal of females by each writer is explored separately and then contrasted with that of the other writers. Specific examples and characters from these literary masterpieces are used to support the authors argument. The author provides an analysis of the different ways in which women have been depicted throughout the history of literature The representation of women in literature has been the focus of much research conducted by both feminists and literature critics, particularly over the last thirty years. Sheri Teppers Beauty, Geoffrey Chaucers The Wife of Bath and Ian Flemings From Russia with Love, are all examples of escapist fiction in which the attitudes towards women play a key role in the theme of the story. We will write a custom essay sample on The Depiction of Women in Three Escapist Fictions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Despite the claim that escapist fiction is isolated from the world in which its author lives, the values of both the author and the society in which he or she lives are reflected in their writing. The Wife of Bath, written in the fourteenth century, represents females as identical member of one group, all possessing the same faults and desires. Fleming, writing in 1957, depicts women differently again, categorizing them into two extreme stereotypes: the dominant, aggressive female and the submissive, naive female.

Compound Words Dont Always Compare

Compound Words Dont Always Compare Compound Words Don’t Always Compare Compound Words Don’t Always Compare By Mark Nichol When it comes to linking words to form new words, English is a particularly mischievous language. Different compound words with an element word in common, or pairs of words analogous to each other, may be inconsistent about the presence or absence of a letter space or a hyphen when you see them listed in the dictionary and other resources. That goes especially for directional duos. Keep a sharp lookout for these spacing shenanigans: Front and Back For some perverse reason, a few common compounds that include front, and their back correspondents, are treated differently: â€Å"front door,† backdoor (but only as an adjective); â€Å"front seat,† backseat; â€Å"front yard,† backyard. How could this have happened? Perhaps its the ubiquity of other closed compounds beginning with back (such as backache, background, and backlash) compared to the absence of front-loaded analogues. Speaking of front-load, compounds beginning with front, such as that word and â€Å"front man,† are invariably open or hyphenated, and if they have back counterparts (you can back-load, but no one refers to a back man), those are also open or hyphenated. Another contributing factor may be that back constructions are idiomatically richer: â€Å"backdoor man,† â€Å"backseat driver,† and â€Å"backyard grill† have given compounds beginning with back a higher profile, so it’s likely they tend to evolve from open to closed compounds with greater alacrity becoming front-runners, as it were. In and Out After studying compounds beginning with in, I’m done in. Adjectival forms, whether tangible (in-flight) or intangible (in-depth), are often hyphenated, but so are many noun forms, such as in-group and in-joke. Meanwhile, most hyphenated terms beginning with out are obscure, like the fiscal term out-year, or as with out-migrate (â€Å"emigrate†). Exceptions include out-front, meaning â€Å"honest,† and out-there, meaning â€Å"unusual.† Fortunately, the most common usages are inbounds (though the antonym for that word is not outbounds, but â€Å"out of bounds†). Indoor and outdoor, inward and outward, inset and outset (though that last pair do not have antonymic meanings) don’t try to outfox or outbox us. But speaking of outbox, why, in clerical contexts, is it in-box and out-box, not inbox and outbox? This reasoning is a stretch: Though you can’t inbox someone, you can outbox them, so that form’s already taken. I’m satisfied to see the clerical terms remain hyphenated, while the pugilistic outbox is closed. Up and Down Why do you show up for a showdown? In this case, one is a verb phrase and the other is a noun. But compound nouns ending with up are usually closed (buildup, markup, windup). An exception for closure is close-up (meaning â€Å"a proximal view,† not â€Å"to lock a store for the night,† which would be hyphenated only before a noun: â€Å"He carefully followed the close-up procedure†). That’s because it follows the rule that words ending with vowels are generally hyphenated to others, rather than, well, closed up. Adjectival compounds beginning with up (such as up-country and up-tempo) and down (generally, more obscure than their up counterparts, like down-home) tend to be hyphenated. However, up nouns are usually closed (upshot, downfall). Though open or hyphenated up equivalents are almost nonexistent, down compounds can be open (the card-playing term â€Å"down card†) or hyphenated (the music term down-bow) as well. What’s the take-away (not to be confused with take-in)? Keep your dictionary handy. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesIs There a Reason â€Å"the Reason Why† Is Considered Wrong?Prepositions to Die With

Analysis of Divisional Performance of Asian Paints Ltd

PURUSHOTHAMAN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR M. COM (BUSINESS FINANCE) DEPT. OF COMMERCE 2nd YEAR PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY REG. NUMBER: 11351059 INTRODUCTION DIVISIONAL PERFOMANCE OF COST CENTRE AND PROFIT CENTRE A profit centre is a unit of a company that generates revenue in excess of its expenses. The main aim of profit centre is to earn profit. The performance of profit centre is evaluated in terms of whether the centre has been achieved its budgeted profit A  cost centre  is a business unit that is only responsible for the  costs  that it incurs. The manager of a cost centre is not responsible for  revenue  generation or asset usage. The performance of a cost centre is usually evaluated through the comparison of  budgeted  to actual costs. The costs incurred by a cost centre may be aggregated into a  cost pool  and allocated to other business units. Investment centre is responsible for both profit and investment. The investment centre manager has control over revenue, expenses and the amount invested in the current assets. The following are the techniques used to measure the divisional performance of cost centre and profit centre * Variance analysis * Profit * Return on investment * Market share COST PER UNIT: Cost refers to the total cost incurred for the production. So cost per unit refers to the cost incurred for producing 1 unit. Normally we used the below formula to calculate the cost per unit Cost/unit = total cost / No. of unit produced COST PER UNIT year| Production| Total expenses| COST PER UNIT| 008| 40946. 7| 559586| 0. 073173203| 2009| 50418. 7| 602922| 0. 083623918| 2010| 57937. 2| 732142| 0. 079133829| 2011| 72582. 9| 849056| 0. 085486587| Interpretation: The above table and chart shows the cost per unit of Asian paints India ltd. They incurred highest cost per unit in the year 2011. This may because increasing the cost of raw material or other charges etc. It is better to have lower cost per unit because when cost per unit increases the total cost will increase. That in turn reduces the profitability of a firm. In the 2008 the firms have lower cost per unit of production compared to other years. So may be this year the profit is increased. The cost per unit is higher in the years 2011 and 2009. COST VARIANCE Cost variance (CV) is the amount of money that was actually spent on a project or a part of a project compared to the amount of work that was actually accomplished. Cost variance = Budgeted cost of work performed – The actual cost of work performed. YEAR| TOTAL COST| STANDARD| COST VARIANCE | DECISION| 2008| 40946. 7| 61276. 54| -20329. 84| A| 2009| 50418. 7| 61276. 54| -10857. 84| A| 2010| 57937. 2| 61276. 54| -3339. 34| A| 2011| 72582. 9| 61276. 54| 11306. 6| F| 2012| 84,497. 20| 61276. 54| 23220. 66| F| Interpretation: Here from 2008 to 2010 there is a favorable situation because in these years actual cost is less than standard cost. In 2011 and 2012 actual cost exceeds standard cost. That may be because of increase in the cost/unit in these years. SALES VARIANCE Sales variance is the difference between actual sales and budget sales. It is used to measure the p erformance of a sales function, and/or analyze business results to better understand market conditions. Sales variance = Actual sales – standard sales Segment 1= Paint YEAR| SALE| STANDARD| SALES VARIANCE| DECISION| 2008| 39062. 2| 51731. 3| -12669. 1| A| 2009| 48641. 9| 51731. 3| -3089. 4| A| 2010| 56135| 51731. 3| 4403. 7| F| 2011| 63086. 1| 51731. 3| 11354. 8| F| Segment 2= Others YEAR| SALE| STANDARD| SALES VARIANCE| DECISION| 2008| 1731. 7| 1717. 375| 14. 325| F| 2009| 1634. 5| 1717. 375| -82. 875| A| 2010| 1774| 1717. 375| 56. 625| A| 2011| 1729. 3| 1717. 375| 11. 925| A| TOTAL SALES VARIANCE YEAR| TOTAL SALES| STANDARD| COST VARIANCE | DECISION| 2008| 40,946. 70| 62,655. 72| -21,709. 02| A| 2009| 50,418. 70| 62655. 72| -12,237. 02| A| 2010| 57,937. 0| 62655. 72| -4,718. 52| A| 2011| 72,582. 90| 62655. 72| 9,927. 18| F| 2012| 91,393. 10| 62655. 72| 28,737. 38| F| INTERPRETATION Sales variance is higher in the year 2012 which means that company sold more than standard sales in the year 2012. And the 2011 also have the favorable value but it is lower than 2012. From 2008 to 2010 company cannot sold more than standard sales. That is an unfavorab le situation for the company. MARKET SHARE The percentage of an industry or market’s total sales that is earned by a particular company over a specified time period is known as market share. Market share is calculated by taking the company’s sales over the period and dividing it by the total sales of the industry over the same period. This metric is used to give a general idea of the size of a company to its market and its competitors. Market share Year| Total sales| Industrial sales| Market share | 2008| 40,946. 70| 348047| 11. 76| 2009| 50,418. 70| 393266| 12. 82| 2010| 57,937. 20| 260717| 22. 22| 2011| 72,582. 90| 834703| 8. 70| 2012| 91,393. 10| 868,234. 00| 10. 53| Interpretation: Company has highest market share in the year 2010. It is decreased in the subsequent years may be because of increased price of the products. WORKING CAPITAL TURN OVER RATIO A measurement comparing the depletion of working capital  to the generation of sales over a given period called as working capital turn over ration. This  provides some useful information  as to how effectively a company is using  its working capital to generate sales. WORKING CAPITAL TURN OVER RATIO YEAR| TOTAL SALES| CURRENT ASSETS| CURRENT LIABILITIES| WC| WCTOR| 2008| 40,946. 70| 8,686. 30| 8018. 6| 667. 70| 61. 32| 2009| 50,418. 70| 10,403. 70| 7811. 4| 2,592. 30| 19. 45| 2010| 57,937. 20| 11,981. 00| 10588. 7| 1,392. 30| 41. 61| 2011| 72,582. 90| 15,475. 70| 11952. | 3,522. 90| 20. 60| 2012| 91,393. 10| 19,927. 70| 16008. 9| 3,918. 80| 23. 32| Interpretation: Here working capital ratio is higher in the year 2008. This means that company may have adequate working capital for their operation in 2008. Working capital to ratio is very lower in the subsequent years (i. e. 2009 to 2012), it shows that company is struggled with inadequacy of wor king capital in that years. INVENTORY TURN OVER RATIO Inventory Turnover Ratio is one of the efficiency ratios and measures the number of times, on average, the inventory is sold and replaced during the fiscal year. Inventory Turnover Ratio formula is: year| Total sales| opening stock| closing stock| Avg stock| ITOR| 2008| 40,946. 70| 40,946. 70 | 42,954. 70 | 41,950. 70 | 97. 61| 2009| 50,418. 70| 50,418. 70 | 52,427. 70 | 51,423. 20 | 98. 05| 2010| 57,937. 20| 57,937. 20 | 59,947. 20 | 58,942. 20 | 98. 29| 2011| 72,582. 90| 72,582. 90 | 74,593. 90 | 73,588. 40 | 98. 63| INTERPRETATION A low inventory turnover ratio is a signal of inefficiency, since inventory usually has a rate of return of zero. It also implies either poor sales or excess inventory. A low turnover rate can indicate poor liquidity, possible overstocking, and obsolescence, but it may also reflect a planned inventory buildup in the case of material shortages or in anticipation of rapidly rising prices. In our case the 2008 has the lower turnover rate. A high inventory turnover ratio implies either strong sales or ineffective buying (the company buys too often in small quantities, therefore the buying price is higher). A high inventory turnover ratio can indicate better liquidity, but it can also indicate a shortage or inadequate inventory levels, which may lead to a loss in business. Here the years from 2009 to 2011 there is constant turnover rate. RETURN ON INVESTMENT A performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an  investment or to compare the efficiency of a number of different investments. The objective of every firm is to earn a satisfactory return on capital invested. This is the measure of success i. e. it shows the overall profitability of the firm. ROI = PAT/ cap. Employed YEAR| PBIT| CAPILAT EMPLOYED| ROI| 2008| 5925. | 9,285. 00| 63. 81583199| 2009| 6075. 9| 10,944. 70| 55. 51454128| 2010| 10526. 9| 15,572. 20| 67. 60059593| 2011| 11636. 7| 19,753. 20| 58. 91045501| 2012| 14,086. 30| 24,877. 80| 56. 62196818| INTERPRETATION The above table and chart implies us, The ROI is higher in the year 2008. The Company gets 63. 82% as return on investment. This may because; in this y ear company sold more than the standard sales. So return on investment is increased. Company received lowest ROI in the year 2009 CONCLUSION: The Asian paints ltd is having an indifferent performance levels, they have both positive and negative performance indicators. The sales variance is for the last two years is favorable for the company, and also all other indicators such as cost variance favorable for the firm. Another thing is that market share of the company shows a decreasing trend due to decrease in sales. The inventory and working capital of the company is also not good. So it is important for the company to focus on to improve sales volume with higher turnover, better maintenance of working capital. And to try to get more return on investment by adopt necessary measure and techniques. Analysis of Divisional Performance of Asian Paints Ltd PURUSHOTHAMAN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR M. COM (BUSINESS FINANCE) DEPT. OF COMMERCE 2nd YEAR PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY REG. NUMBER: 11351059 INTRODUCTION DIVISIONAL PERFOMANCE OF COST CENTRE AND PROFIT CENTRE A profit centre is a unit of a company that generates revenue in excess of its expenses. The main aim of profit centre is to earn profit. The performance of profit centre is evaluated in terms of whether the centre has been achieved its budgeted profit A  cost centre  is a business unit that is only responsible for the  costs  that it incurs. The manager of a cost centre is not responsible for  revenue  generation or asset usage. The performance of a cost centre is usually evaluated through the comparison of  budgeted  to actual costs. The costs incurred by a cost centre may be aggregated into a  cost pool  and allocated to other business units. Investment centre is responsible for both profit and investment. The investment centre manager has control over revenue, expenses and the amount invested in the current assets. The following are the techniques used to measure the divisional performance of cost centre and profit centre * Variance analysis * Profit * Return on investment * Market share COST PER UNIT: Cost refers to the total cost incurred for the production. So cost per unit refers to the cost incurred for producing 1 unit. Normally we used the below formula to calculate the cost per unit Cost/unit = total cost / No. of unit produced COST PER UNIT year| Production| Total expenses| COST PER UNIT| 008| 40946. 7| 559586| 0. 073173203| 2009| 50418. 7| 602922| 0. 083623918| 2010| 57937. 2| 732142| 0. 079133829| 2011| 72582. 9| 849056| 0. 085486587| Interpretation: The above table and chart shows the cost per unit of Asian paints India ltd. They incurred highest cost per unit in the year 2011. This may because increasing the cost of raw material or other charges etc. It is better to have lower cost per unit because when cost per unit increases the total cost will increase. That in turn reduces the profitability of a firm. In the 2008 the firms have lower cost per unit of production compared to other years. So may be this year the profit is increased. The cost per unit is higher in the years 2011 and 2009. COST VARIANCE Cost variance (CV) is the amount of money that was actually spent on a project or a part of a project compared to the amount of work that was actually accomplished. Cost variance = Budgeted cost of work performed – The actual cost of work performed. YEAR| TOTAL COST| STANDARD| COST VARIANCE | DECISION| 2008| 40946. 7| 61276. 54| -20329. 84| A| 2009| 50418. 7| 61276. 54| -10857. 84| A| 2010| 57937. 2| 61276. 54| -3339. 34| A| 2011| 72582. 9| 61276. 54| 11306. 6| F| 2012| 84,497. 20| 61276. 54| 23220. 66| F| Interpretation: Here from 2008 to 2010 there is a favorable situation because in these years actual cost is less than standard cost. In 2011 and 2012 actual cost exceeds standard cost. That may be because of increase in the cost/unit in these years. SALES VARIANCE Sales variance is the difference between actual sales and budget sales. It is used to measure the p erformance of a sales function, and/or analyze business results to better understand market conditions. Sales variance = Actual sales – standard sales Segment 1= Paint YEAR| SALE| STANDARD| SALES VARIANCE| DECISION| 2008| 39062. 2| 51731. 3| -12669. 1| A| 2009| 48641. 9| 51731. 3| -3089. 4| A| 2010| 56135| 51731. 3| 4403. 7| F| 2011| 63086. 1| 51731. 3| 11354. 8| F| Segment 2= Others YEAR| SALE| STANDARD| SALES VARIANCE| DECISION| 2008| 1731. 7| 1717. 375| 14. 325| F| 2009| 1634. 5| 1717. 375| -82. 875| A| 2010| 1774| 1717. 375| 56. 625| A| 2011| 1729. 3| 1717. 375| 11. 925| A| TOTAL SALES VARIANCE YEAR| TOTAL SALES| STANDARD| COST VARIANCE | DECISION| 2008| 40,946. 70| 62,655. 72| -21,709. 02| A| 2009| 50,418. 70| 62655. 72| -12,237. 02| A| 2010| 57,937. 0| 62655. 72| -4,718. 52| A| 2011| 72,582. 90| 62655. 72| 9,927. 18| F| 2012| 91,393. 10| 62655. 72| 28,737. 38| F| INTERPRETATION Sales variance is higher in the year 2012 which means that company sold more than standard sales in the year 2012. And the 2011 also have the favorable value but it is lower than 2012. From 2008 to 2010 company cannot sold more than standard sales. That is an unfavorab le situation for the company. MARKET SHARE The percentage of an industry or market’s total sales that is earned by a particular company over a specified time period is known as market share. Market share is calculated by taking the company’s sales over the period and dividing it by the total sales of the industry over the same period. This metric is used to give a general idea of the size of a company to its market and its competitors. Market share Year| Total sales| Industrial sales| Market share | 2008| 40,946. 70| 348047| 11. 76| 2009| 50,418. 70| 393266| 12. 82| 2010| 57,937. 20| 260717| 22. 22| 2011| 72,582. 90| 834703| 8. 70| 2012| 91,393. 10| 868,234. 00| 10. 53| Interpretation: Company has highest market share in the year 2010. It is decreased in the subsequent years may be because of increased price of the products. WORKING CAPITAL TURN OVER RATIO A measurement comparing the depletion of working capital  to the generation of sales over a given period called as working capital turn over ration. This  provides some useful information  as to how effectively a company is using  its working capital to generate sales. WORKING CAPITAL TURN OVER RATIO YEAR| TOTAL SALES| CURRENT ASSETS| CURRENT LIABILITIES| WC| WCTOR| 2008| 40,946. 70| 8,686. 30| 8018. 6| 667. 70| 61. 32| 2009| 50,418. 70| 10,403. 70| 7811. 4| 2,592. 30| 19. 45| 2010| 57,937. 20| 11,981. 00| 10588. 7| 1,392. 30| 41. 61| 2011| 72,582. 90| 15,475. 70| 11952. | 3,522. 90| 20. 60| 2012| 91,393. 10| 19,927. 70| 16008. 9| 3,918. 80| 23. 32| Interpretation: Here working capital ratio is higher in the year 2008. This means that company may have adequate working capital for their operation in 2008. Working capital to ratio is very lower in the subsequent years (i. e. 2009 to 2012), it shows that company is struggled with inadequacy of wor king capital in that years. INVENTORY TURN OVER RATIO Inventory Turnover Ratio is one of the efficiency ratios and measures the number of times, on average, the inventory is sold and replaced during the fiscal year. Inventory Turnover Ratio formula is: year| Total sales| opening stock| closing stock| Avg stock| ITOR| 2008| 40,946. 70| 40,946. 70 | 42,954. 70 | 41,950. 70 | 97. 61| 2009| 50,418. 70| 50,418. 70 | 52,427. 70 | 51,423. 20 | 98. 05| 2010| 57,937. 20| 57,937. 20 | 59,947. 20 | 58,942. 20 | 98. 29| 2011| 72,582. 90| 72,582. 90 | 74,593. 90 | 73,588. 40 | 98. 63| INTERPRETATION A low inventory turnover ratio is a signal of inefficiency, since inventory usually has a rate of return of zero. It also implies either poor sales or excess inventory. A low turnover rate can indicate poor liquidity, possible overstocking, and obsolescence, but it may also reflect a planned inventory buildup in the case of material shortages or in anticipation of rapidly rising prices. In our case the 2008 has the lower turnover rate. A high inventory turnover ratio implies either strong sales or ineffective buying (the company buys too often in small quantities, therefore the buying price is higher). A high inventory turnover ratio can indicate better liquidity, but it can also indicate a shortage or inadequate inventory levels, which may lead to a loss in business. Here the years from 2009 to 2011 there is constant turnover rate. RETURN ON INVESTMENT A performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an  investment or to compare the efficiency of a number of different investments. The objective of every firm is to earn a satisfactory return on capital invested. This is the measure of success i. e. it shows the overall profitability of the firm. ROI = PAT/ cap. Employed YEAR| PBIT| CAPILAT EMPLOYED| ROI| 2008| 5925. | 9,285. 00| 63. 81583199| 2009| 6075. 9| 10,944. 70| 55. 51454128| 2010| 10526. 9| 15,572. 20| 67. 60059593| 2011| 11636. 7| 19,753. 20| 58. 91045501| 2012| 14,086. 30| 24,877. 80| 56. 62196818| INTERPRETATION The above table and chart implies us, The ROI is higher in the year 2008. The Company gets 63. 82% as return on investment. This may because; in this y ear company sold more than the standard sales. So return on investment is increased. Company received lowest ROI in the year 2009 CONCLUSION: The Asian paints ltd is having an indifferent performance levels, they have both positive and negative performance indicators. The sales variance is for the last two years is favorable for the company, and also all other indicators such as cost variance favorable for the firm. Another thing is that market share of the company shows a decreasing trend due to decrease in sales. The inventory and working capital of the company is also not good. So it is important for the company to focus on to improve sales volume with higher turnover, better maintenance of working capital. And to try to get more return on investment by adopt necessary measure and techniques.

Planning (Local Development Framework) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Planning (Local Development Framework) - Essay Example Local Development Framework (LDF)- This is essentially a folder of documents outlining the spatial planning development strategy of a local area. These are prepared by the district councils, unitary authorities and local park authorities. LDF and RSS together shall shape the development planning system in a community. One key aspect of the new system is the role of local community involvement in the plan making process. The Local Development Framework (LDF) will include several Development Plan Documents (DPDs) and a number of Supplementary Planning Documents (SPDs). The Development Plan Documents, along with the Mayor of London's London Plan, Development Plan and will be the basis upon which all planning decisions are made. The main DPDs in LDF are as follows: Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this document sets out how and when the communities and local stakeholders will participate in the revision of local planning documents as well as consideration of planning applications. The most important benefit of SCI would be "front loading" which basically means that communities get the opportunity to participate in planning process and make a difference at the very beginning of each document development. Ready access to information, active contribution from the stakeholders and regular feedback make it vibrant. Essentially SCI addresses the following : Local Development SIssues on which the community involvement is being sought-The entire range of local development documents on which community shall be involved. Methodology of community involvement- The process of receiving and spreading of information, policy and plan development procedures and feedback process. Who to involve- To ensure that even those groups who do not get involved in planning process are involved so that the participation is truly broad based. Annual Monitoring Report- Assessment report of the progress and effectiveness of an LDF submitted to the government by a local planning authority. It will include critical analysis of the following: Achievement of objectives as per the policies especially delivery of sustainable development. Consequences of the policies as intended or not. Relevance of objectives and assumptions behind the policies. Achievement of targets as set out in LDF Range of local and standard (Core output) indicators. Recommendation on adjustment to local development scheme if needed. Local Development Scheme- This is the scheme of the local development documents (LDDs) which will be produced giving their time and order of production. It is the threshold for the community and local stakeholders to know: about the planning polices of the authority for a particular place or an issue. status of those policies details and timetable for production of all the documents which comprise Local Development Framework over a three year time period. Other optional documents may include Supplementary Planning Documents (which explain the LDDs or add details to them) and Local Development Orders (which extend permitted rights for a particular form of development) or Simplified Development Zones (Areas where growth needs to be stimulated by granting waiver of planning fees or the need for a formal application) It was found that the existing documents were too detailed and complicated for the general public to understand. These actually hampered public participation rather than encourage it. In order to address these issues and to educate & inform general